The reading distance for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags can vary significantly based on several factors, including the type of RFID technology used, the power of the reader, the design of the tag, and the surrounding environment. Here are the general categories:
1. Low-Frequency (LF) RFID:
- Frequency: 125 kHz to 134 kHz
- Typical Range: Up to about 10 cm (4 inches)
- Uses: Animal tracking, access control, and key fobs.
2. High-Frequency (HF) RFID:
- Frequency: 13.56 MHz
- Typical Range: A few centimeters up to about 1 meter (3.3 feet)
- Uses: Smart cards, library book tracking, and NFC (Near Field Communication).
3. Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) RFID:
- Frequency: 860 MHz to 960 MHz
- Typical Range: Up to 12 meters (39 feet) or more in ideal conditions
- Uses: Retail inventory management, supply chain tracking, and vehicle identification.
4. Active RFID:
- These tags have their own power source (batteries) and can broadcast signals over greater distances.
- Typical Range: Up to 100 meters (328 feet) or more, depending on the tag and reader capabilities.
- Uses: Tracking large assets, such as containers or vehicles.
5. Environmental Factors:
The actual range can be affected by obstacles (like metal or liquid), interference from other electronic devices, and the orientation of the tag relative to the reader.
In summary, the reading distance for RFID can range from just a few centimeters for LF and HF RFID to over 100 meters for
active RFID systems, with UHF providing a middle ground.
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